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In the two decades since short-baseline neutrino anomalies were first discovered, scientists have come up with several guesses about what might cause discrepancies.

Of all the known elementary particles, neutrinos probably give physicists the most headaches.

These tiny fundamental bits of matter are the second most common particle in the universe yet are anything but ordinary. Since their discovery, they have taunted scientists with bizarre behaviors, some of which physicists have yet to comprehend.

Continue reading “Why aren’t neutrinos adding up?” »

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Using just a handful of quantum bits, researchers have used a quantum computer to simulate an infinite line of electron-like particles. The technique could be used to better understand the behaviour of molecules in materials.

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The spectral lines of antiprotonic helium atoms are shown to retain their sub-gigahertz linewidth upon submersion in a bath of superfluid helium, enabling the hyperfine structure to be resolved.

The electrification of heating systems could play a significant role in building decarbonization. Heat pumps are emerging as a solution.

Iranian scientists have demonstrated a multi-layer silicon nanoparticle (SNP) solar cell based on nanoparticles that are densely stacked inside a dielectric medium. They considered different SNP structures and configurations to tailor these particles as a p–n junction cell.

“This is because SNPs are assumed to be the main absorber in the cell. Thus, any distance between them reduces the absorption of incident photons,” the group said.

They considered different SNP structures and configurations to tailor these particles as a p–n junction cell. They said this kind of cell could achieve a theoretical efficiency of around 11%.

Tiny crystals, known as quantum dots, have enabled an international team to achieve a quantum efficiency exceeding 100 percent in the photocurrent generated in a hybrid inorganic-organic semiconductor.

Perovskites are exciting semiconductors for light-harvesting applications and have already shown some impressive performances in solar cells. But improvements in photo-conversion efficiency are necessary to take this technology to a broader market.

Light comes in packets of energy known as photons. When a semiconductor absorbs a photon, the electromagnetic energy is transferred to a negatively charged electron and its positively charged counterpart, known as a hole. An electric field can sweep these particles in opposite directions, thereby allowing a current to flow. This is the basic operation of a solar cell. It might sound simple, but optimizing the quantum efficiency, or getting as many electron-hole pairs from the incoming photons as possible, has been a long-standing goal.

Cold Fusion is possible by replacing Hydrogen Electrons with Muons.
- Takes 5GeV to create a Muon, they only live for 2.2 microseconds.
- Muons provide a catalyst for 150 fusion events, before sticking to Helium Atom.
- Net fusion output is 2.7GeV per 5GeV Muon.

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