Dr. Donna M. Simmons
The New York Times article Building a Search Engine of the Brain, Slice by Slice said
To create as complete a picture as possible, Dr. Annese cuts very thin slices — 70 microns each, paper-thin — from the whole brain, roughly parallel with the plane of the forehead, moving from front to back. Perhaps the best-known pioneer of such whole-brain sectioning is Dr. Paul Ivan Yakovlev, who built a collection of slices from hundreds of brains now kept at a facility in Washington.
But Dr. Annese has something Dr. Yakovlev did not: advanced computer technology that tracks and digitally reproduces each slice. An entire brain produces some 2,500 slices, and the amount of information in each one, once microscopic detail is added, will fill about a terabyte of computer storage. Computers at U.C.S.D. are now fitting all those pieces together for Mr. Molaison’s brain, to create what Dr. Annese calls a Google Earthlike search engine,” the first entirely reconstructed, whole-brain atlas available to anyone who wants to log on.
“We’re going to get the kind of resolution, all the way down to the level of single cells, that we have not had widely available before,” said Donna Simmons, a visiting scholar at the Brain Architecture Center at the University of Southern California. The thin whole-brain slicing “will allow much better opportunities to study the connection between cells, the circuits themselves, which we have so much more to learn about.”
Donna M. Simmons, Ph.D. is Visiting Scholar at the Brain
Architecture
Center at USC where she
engages in academic-based neuroscience/neuroanatomy research,
using
immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and other neuroanatomical
methods.
Her specialities include:
Neuro-histology, immuno-histochemistry, in situ hybridization
histochemistry, and neuroanatomy databases (rat brain atlas).
Communication
of neuroscience and science in general to colleagues, students, and
members of the non-scientific community. Teaching: short courses,
lectures, workshops, and hands-on research methods. Consultant/advisor
on
specific methods in neurohistology. Informal graduate student advisor:
general academic/professional topics and specific research issues.
Donna coauthored
The Distribution of Cells Containing Estrogen Receptor-α
(ERα) and
ERβ Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Preoptic Area and
Hypothalamus of the Sheep: Comparison of Males and Females,
Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from
mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1,
Expression of a large family of POU-domain regulatory genes in
mammalian
brain development,
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) in the Central Nervous System:
Identification of Specific Loci of Basic FGF Expression in the Rat
Brain,
Follistatin Gene Expression in the Ovary and Extragonadal
Tissues, and
Cushing’s Syndrome due to Ectopic Production of
Corticotropin-Releasing
Factor.
Donna earned her Ph.D. in Neuroscience at the
University of Southern California in 2006.