Japanese researchers have unraveled the mystery of how the jellyfish Cladonema pacificum regenerates its injured tentacles within a remarkably brief period of two to three days.

The team from the University of Tokyo was able to study the intricate process of blastema production, revealing insights into tissue regeneration in not just jellyfish but also other species, such as salamanders.

The official release defines blastema as a “clump of undifferentiated cells that can repair damage and grow into the missing appendage.” However, the formation of this critical blastema has long eluded scientific understanding until now.

An Internet pioneer’s mistakes, satellite jamming, and underperforming 5G networks.

Xiaomi’s SU7 electric car apparently has a range of up to 497 miles, and it can accelerate faster than the competition.

Businesses must also ensure they are prepared for forthcoming regulations. President Biden signed an executive order to create AI safeguards, the U.K. hosted the world’s first AI Safety Summit, and the EU brought forward their own legislation. Governments across the globe are alive to the risks. C-suite leaders must be too — and that means their generative AI systems must adhere to current and future regulatory requirements.

So how do leaders balance the risks and rewards of generative AI?

Businesses that leverage three principles are poised to succeed: human-first decision-making, robust governance over large language model (LLM) content, and a universal connected AI approach. Making good choices now will allow leaders to future-proof their business and reap the benefits of AI while boosting the bottom line.

Researchers taking part in the Human Brain Project have identified a mathematical rule that governs the distribution of neurons in our brains.

The rule predicts how neurons are distributed in different parts of the brain, and could help scientists create precise models to understand how the brain works and develop new treatments for neurological diseases.

In the wonderful world of statistics, if you consider any continuous random variable, the logarithm of that variable will often follow what’s known as a lognormal distribution. Defined by the mean and standard deviation, it can be visualized as a bell-shaped curve, only with the curve being wider than what you’d find in a normal distribution.

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into various scientific domains has notably reshaped research methodologies. Among these advancements, an innovative system named Coscientist has emerged, as outlined in the paper “Autonomous chemical research with large language models,” authored by researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and Emerald Cloud Lab. This groundbreaking system, powered by multiple LLMs, is a pivotal achievement in the convergence of language models and laboratory automation technologies.

Coscientist comprises several intricately designed modules, with its cornerstone being the ‘Planner.’ This module operates using a GPT-4 chat completion instance, functioning as an interactive assistant capable of understanding user commands such as ‘GOOGLE,’ ‘PYTHON,’ ‘DOCUMENTATION,’ and ‘EXPERIMENT.’ Additionally, the ‘Web Searcher’ module, fueled by GPT-4, significantly enhances synthesis planning. Notably, it has exhibited exceptional performance in trials involving acetaminophen, aspirin, nitroaniline, and phenolphthalein. The ‘Code execution’ module, triggered by the ‘PYTHON’ command, facilitates experiment preparation calculations. Meanwhile, the ‘Automation’ command, guided by the ‘DOCUMENTATION’ module, implements experiment automation via APIs.

The prowess of the GPT-4-powered Web Searcher module in synthesis planning is evident in its success across diverse trials, demonstrating a capacity for efficient exploration and decision-making in chemical synthesis. Furthermore, the documentation search module equips Coscientist with the ability to utilize tailored technical documentation efficiently, enhancing its API utilization accuracy and improving overall experiment automation performance.

In a comprehensive review, researchers from Soochow University, Beijing Graphene Institute and Xiamen Silan Advanced Compound Semiconductor Co., Ltd. have collaborated to provide a systematic overview of the progress and potential applications of graphene as a buffer layer for nitride epitaxial growth.

The paper brings together perspectives from academia, research institutions, and semiconductor industry professionals to propose solutions for critical issues in semiconductor technology.

Graphene, a two-dimensional material known for its exceptional electrical and mechanical properties, has garnered significant interest for its prospective use in the growth of nitride semiconductors. Despite notable advancements in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene on various insulating substrates, producing high-quality graphene and achieving optimal interface compatibility with Group III-nitride materials remain major challenges in the field.

A team of researchers from the ITACA Institute of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) and the Research Institute of Chemical Technology, a joint center of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the UPV, has discovered a new method for the manufacture of metal nanocatalysts that is more sustainable and economical.

With great potential in the industrial sector, the method would contribute to the decarbonization of industry. The work has been published in the journal ACS Nano.

This new method is based on the exsolution process activated by microwave radiation. Exsolution is a method of generating metallic nanoparticles on the surface of ceramic materials. “At elevated temperatures and in a reducing atmosphere (usually hydrogen), metal atoms migrate from the structure of the material to its surface, forming metal nanoparticles anchored to the surface. This anchoring significantly increases the strength and stability of these nanoparticles, which positively impacts the efficiency of these catalysts,” explains Beatriz García Baños, a researcher in the Microwave Area of the ITACA Institute at the UPV.

NASA’s spacecraft Juno just had a super-close encounter with the most volcanic world in the solar system—but its stunning first image could be among its last after 56 orbits of Jupiter.

On December 30, the bus-sized spacecraft—orbiting Jupiter since 2016—got very close to Io, the giant moon of Jupiter. It reached a mere 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) from the moon’s surface. However, the spacecraft’s camera has suffered radiation damage and may not last much longer.

The first image to come back from this, the closest pass since NASA’s Galileo probe imaged the volcanic moon in October 2001, was published on social media by NASA on December 31. “The JunoCam instrument aboard our Juno Mission acquired six images of Jupiter’s moon Io during its close encounter today,” read the tweet. “This black-and-white view was taken at an altitude of about 1,500 miles (2,500 kilometers).”

Every year I compile what I think were some important contributions to longevity research. Here is my list for 2023.\
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Intro — 00:00\
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What causes aging? — 00:32\
Hallmarks Of Aging: An Expanding Universe \
The DREAM Complex Functions As Conserved Master Regulator Of Somatic DNA-Repair Capacities \
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Biomarkers — 02:00\
The Aging Biomarker Consortium Represents A New Era For Aging Research In China\
Longitudinal fundus imaging and its genome-wide association analysis provide evidence for a human retinal aging clock\
A Foundation Model For Generalizable Disease Detection From Retinal Images\
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Cellular reprogramming — 04:30\
Chemically induced reprogramming to reverse cellular aging\
Loss of epigenetic information as a cause of mammalian aging\
In vivo reprogramming leads to premature death linked to hepatic and intestinal failure\
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Lifespan extension — 07:30\
Astaxanthin and meclizine extend lifespan in UM-HET3 male mice; fisetin, SG1002 (hydrogen sulfide donor), dimethyl fumarate, mycophenolic acid, and 4-phenylbutyrate do not significantly affect lifespan in either sex at the doses and schedules used\
Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging\
Dietary supplementation of clinically utilized PI3K p110α inhibitor extends the lifespan of male and female mice\
Optogenetic Rejuvenation Of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Extends C. Elegans Lifespan\
Reversal Of Biological Age In Multiple Rat Organs By Young Porcine Plasma Fraction\
Multi-Omic Rejuvenation And Life Span Extension On Exposure To Youthful Circulation\
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Biotechnology — 13:50\
Intravascularly infused extracellular matrix as a biomaterial for targeting and treating inflamed tissues\
Intradermally delivered mRNA-encapsulating extracellular vesicles for collagen-replacement therapy\
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Why we age — 15:15\
Ageing as a software design flaw\
The Longevity Bottleneck Hypothesis: Could Dinosaurs Have Shaped Ageing In Present‐Day Mammals?\
Reconsidering Life History Theory Amid Infectious Diseases\
Blood Group A Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Infection\
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What’s next? — 16:50\
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There are many items missing from this list — these are only the papers I found time to read. Please post below any I missed! \
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ICYMI\
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2022 longevity papers\
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2021 longevity papers\
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Please note that The Sheekey Science Show is distinct from Eleanor Sheekey’s teaching and research roles at the University of Cambridge. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Sheekey Science Show and guests assume no liability for the application of the information discussed.\
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Icons in intro; \.